Device for peeling potatoes and the like



Oct. 27, 1942. c. v. MGCAULEYy 2,299,751

` DEVICE. FO PEELING POTATOES AND THE LIKE I Filed une 5, 1939'a'sheets-:sheet 1 INVENI` OR.

` ATTORNE f5.'

lOct. 27, 1,942. c. v, MCCAULEY `2,299,761 DEVI-CE FOR FEELING PoTAToEsAND THE LIKE Fld June 5, 1939 `2 Sheets-Sheet 2 'i 55 INVENTOR '53agr/wam Vvfcuzey BY a ATTORNEYS.

Patented Oct. 27, 1942 I.

UNITED DEVICE ron PEELIN G Po'rA'roEs 'THE LIKE f 'Corneliusvemonmccauley, Waveiey, Mess.` f *Application 'ne 5 .1939,"Serial No;,277@346 My presentr invention relates to novel apparatus for useinremoving surface layers from objects.

` While my apparatus is adapted for usein treating the surfaceof` manydifferent types of objects, the many novellfeatures and advantages ofmyinvention' may be best appreciated by considering its use in removingthe skins of potatoes or in removing a uniform layer from otherSirregularly shaped objects.

The accurate and quick manual removal of the skins of certainvegetables, particularly potatoes,

is difficult and while `several devices have` been proposed tofacilitatesuch surface treatment, these have not been adapted to removeuniform layers from objects of `different sizes and shapes.

In accordance with Ymy present invention. II provide for the progressiverotative treatment of the surface of anobject `by which the cuttingmeans may advance as required by the shape and size of the object ratherthan at the rate of predetermined relative movement between theobjectandthe support for the cutting means.` I am thus able to remove asurface layer of uniform characteristics from objects of different sizesand 'shapes and permits durable and efficient apparatus to be made bywhich objects may be treatedwith accuracy and rapidity. Y

Inthe drawings, I have shown an embodiment of my invention from whichand the accompanying specification, its many novel featuresandadvantagesmay be readily understood. I

In the drawings: Fig.` 1 is a top` plan view of an embodiment of myVinvention with the carrier for the cutting i cans in one extremeposition.

Fig. Zis a longitudinal section along the lines I 2 2, of. Fig. l. l m"Fig, 3 .isaI fragmentary top` plan View of the device shown in Fig. 1,but With thecarrier` in theotherextreme position. m

Fig. Il is a longitudinal section through the device along the lines4-4, of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a"`cross sectional view through the device along the lines5-5,"of Fig'. 4.

Fig. 'Z is a fragmentary plan View of the devicer with the carrier `inan intermediate position.

Fig. 8 is aplan View of one of the cutting members and its support.

Fig. 9 is a section along the lines 9--9 of Fig. s, and

Fig. l0 is a vievv of another cutting member.

In-crdertov facilitate the understanding of `my i' invention, I haveundertaken first to describe the general construction of my deviceincluding the driving mechanism for the objectsupport and the carrierfor the cutting'members AThecutting members and the meanscone'ctingthemto the carrier are neictdescribed togetherwith the cams and*` stopsthat cooperate to control their'-` movement.4 By Way of summarylthenpresent a discussion of theoperationvof myinvention. I

In accordance with my invention,` frame I" having a rear Wall 2, thefront of which supports a channel'3Mtoslidably'support the car.-rierII.` i

The back of the` rear lwall is formed ,to present a pairlof flangesiand6. adjustable member 1 isthreaded through the klower flange 6 to permitthe device to be'securely clamped to any desired support. I

A spindle shaft 8 having an object piercin'grand supporting head 9 ismounted as at Il] on the frame II. The end of the shaft 8 -carries agear I I in mesh with the driving gear I2 `on the shaft I3 mounte'das atI4 on the frame I. `While the shaft VI3may be rotated in any desiredway, I have shown,4 for convenience; a crank handle I I5 on the vshaftI3.` 'f

An armIS is pivotally connected as at I'I to the carrier 4.1 Anelongated gear or toothed'member I8 is rigidlymountedon the arm I6 andisin meshwith a driving gear `I9 on the shaft I3:

In order that the gears` I8 and lI9 may remain in mesh at all times, theend ofthe rear Wall 2 is formed with' a pair of vertically spaced guides20 that maintain thegear` I'B in mesh with the gear I9 as the gear IBtravels from one extreme position to the other. The end of the rear wall2 is formedwith an arcuate guide portion 2I adapted `to'be contacted bythe pin 22 extendingrearwardly of the arm I6 and to maintain the gearAI8 in mesh with the gear I9 at one extreme end ofthe movement of thecarrier 4 as is shown in Fig. 4. A similar but oppositely disposedarcuate guide 23is `carried bythe shaft support I4 to be lengaged by thepin 24 on the of the spindle 8 and the movement of the carrier 4 fromone extreme position tothe other. While other actuating means may beemployed, I prefer the mechanism just `described because of its employ asimplicity` and durability and because it permits the direction ofrotation of the shaft |3 to be reversed at any time without anypossibility of injury to my device or any of its parts.

At I have shown a manually operable lever pivotally mounted on theilange 6 and under the influence of a spring 26 urging it to theposition shown in Fig. 1. As shown in Figs. 3 and 5, the lever 25 isformed to be adjacent the spindle 8 so that the lever 25 may be employedto dislodge an object positioned on the object supporting means, i. e.,the spindle 8 and the head 9.

The cutting means In accordance with my invention I employ a pair ofcutting knives 30 and 3|. The knives 30 and 3| are pivotally mounted onloops 32 having end poritons 33. The knives 38 and 3| are pivotallysupported in the upturned portions of the arms 34 and 35, respectively,which are bored as at 36 to receive the portions 33 of the loops 32 orother structure that may be employed to pivotally mount the knives 30and 3| on the arms 34 and 35. Preferably, a spring clip S detachablyholds the knives in place so that the knives may be quickly and easilyremoved and replaced when desired.

The arms 34 and 35 are provided with pivot portions 31 and 38,respectively, carried by the flanges 4a and 4b of the carrier 4. Theportions 31 and 38 are under the control of springs 39 which resilientlyurges the arms 34 and 35 towards the spindle 8 and towards each other.Preferably as shown in Fig. 6, the pivotal portions 31 and 38 areprovided with a sleeve 40 resting on a fixed hub 4|]a carried by thecarrier 4. In order to reduce friction to a minimum, the point ofbearing of the sleeves 40 and the hub 4|]a is midway of the spring 39.By this construction, the springs 39 do not bind the pivotal portions31and 38.

The arm 34 includes a rearwardly extending portion 4| preferablycarrying a cam contacting roller 42 and the arm 35 includes a rearwardlyextending portion 43 carrying a similar cam contacting roller .44. Astop 45 (see Fig. 4) limits the inward pivoting of the arm 34 andasimilar stop 48 is adapted to be engaged by the head 41 of the pivotportion 38 to limit the inward pivoting of the arm 35. By thisconstruction, the arms 34 and 35 and the knives 30 and 3| are preventedfrom being carried by the spring 39 into contact with the spindle 3. Forexample, the stop 46 limits the inward pivoting of the arm 35 so thatwhen the arm 35 is in its extreme inward position, the knife 3| travelsclosely adjacent the spindle 8 as shown in Fig. 1. The stop 45 similarlylimits the inward pivoting of the arm 34 so that the extreme inwardposition of the arm 31 permits the knife 30 to move along an axial pathas shown by its dotted line position in Fig. 7.

In order to facilitate the placing of an object such as the potato P onthe spindle 8 or its removal therefrom, I provide means so that ateither limit of the movement of the carrier 4, the arms 34 and 35 arepositioned so that the knives 39 and 3| are remote from the object. Ihave shown at 48 a member including cam surfaces 48 and 48D secured tothe top of the rear wall 2 adapted to be contacted by the roller 42.

As the carrier 4 moves from the extreme position shown in Fig. 3 to theposition shown in Fig. 1, the inward pivoting of the arm 34 is firstcontrolled by the stop 45 that permitsthe knife 30 to cut axially ofthespindle as shown by its of vconstruction of the knives 38 and 3|.

dotted line position in, Fig. 7. When the knife 38 approaches the head9, the cam portion 48b is adapted to be contacted by the roller 42 topivot the arm 34 against the action of the spring 39 to prevent theknife 30 from striking the head 9. The cam surface 48a is adapted to becontacted by the roller 42 to pivot the arm 34 to carry the knife 3|!into the inoperative position shown in Fig. 1. It should be noted thatthe cam surface 48b is likewise effective to control the arm 34 if theknife 39 reaches the common position, e, factor dependent o-n theparticular object being treated.

A cam member 49 is'mounted on the bottom of the rear wall 2 and includescam surfaces 49at and 48h adapted to be contacted by the roller 44 topivot the arm 35 against its spring 39 in much the same manner as thecontrol of the arm 34 by the cam surfaces t8ab and 48h. Thus, the camportion 49h controls the arm 35 to prevent contact of the knife 3| withthe spindle head 9 and cooperates with the cam surface 49L to move theknife 3| towards an inoperative position whenever it reaches the commonposition.

It will be noted from Fig. l that when the knife 3i) is in aninoperative position, the knife 3| is adjacent the spindle 8, butsufficiently out of the way so that it may be considered in aninoperative position.

At 58 I have shown a trip carried by the wall 2 adapted to be rcontactedby the trip member 5| carried. by the pivot portion 31 of the arm 34 asthe carrier 4 approaches the position shown in Fig. 3 to pivot the arm34 to carry the knife 3E] into an inoperative position as the knife 3|is likewise moved into an inoperative position by the cam member 49.

Reference should now be made to the details It will be appreciated fromthe description of the apparatus just described that as the object isrotated, theknives 30 and 3| are advanced along the rotating object.Accordingly,. the construction of the knives is of considerableimportance in order that they may adjust themselves as required by theshape of the object. That is,.since the object is rotating and theknives advancing relative to the object, the distance of the knives fromthe axis defined by the spindle 8 is constantly subject to variation.The knives 38 and 3| include a guard portion 52 and a blade portion 53(see Figs. 8-10). Preferably both the guard 52 and the blade 53 arelongitudinally arcuate, although either or both may be at intermediatethe ends. As shown in Fig. 9, the front edge of the guard 52 is upturnedas at 54.

Preferably the guard 52 and the knife 53 are in substantially the sameplane in order to minimize frictional drag. The aperture 55 between theedge of the knife portion 53 and the guard 52 is proportionate to thedesired thickness of the surface layer to be removed.

The loop or like attaching member 32 is pivotally attached to the guard52 adjacent the edge of the knife portion 53.

By this construction of the knives, the guard 52 and blade 53 are bothin contact with the surface of the object and the pressure on bothserves to keep the knives in proper cutting position at all times sincethey are free to pivot on the loops 32 and the loops are pivotallymounted in the arms permitting universal adjustment of the knives.

The knives 30 and 3| are substantially identical. The knife 3|, however,may include a guide afeea'im Opration Before considering the operationof mydevice i it will be found helpful if certain essential principlesare keptinmlnd. f 4

For example, it will be appreciated that in any device for use inremoving a surface layer from objects of different sizes, thecutting'members must be adjustable to permit objects of different sizesto be accommodated. This maybe accomplished by a mounting of the cuttingmembers on their'support under the control of resilient means by whichthe resilient means always carry4 the cutting members into contact withthi-,surface of the object to be treated.

Where, however, objects such as potatoes or the like are to be treatedor where the surface of the object and the path of movement ofthesupport? for the cutting means present non-parallel lines, it will be`appreciatfzd that a different problem is presented. `Forexample, theremoval of a surface layer from a cylinder requires the same distance ofrelative linear movement of both the cutting means andthe support andthe surface of the object is parallel tothe path of the support. By wayof contrast, if the object to be treated is spherical, on a linearmovement of the carrier equal to the radius of the object, and equal tothe linear movement employed in treating the cylinder, the differencebetween the distance represented by the radius and the are dened by anangle of 90 will be obvious. With such an object, the distance to be cutby a knife on a predetermined movement of the carrier is obviouslymuchgreater than the distance of travel of a knife on the same movement whena cylindrical object is to be treated. Thus it will be appreciated thatwhenever the path dened by the travel of a cutting member along thesurface of a rotating object varies in its relation to the path of thecarrier, the distance of travel ofthe cutting member is increased. Inaccordance with my invention, the cutting member lags behind the travelof the carrier in relation to the kvariation of its path.

4 under the iniiuence of springs 39 to `pivot the y arms 33 and 34towards each other. Each of the arms 33 and 34 pivots'through a plane tocarry its knife through a plane substantially inclusive of the spindle8. In order tosimplify the construction of my invention, I have providedthe above disclosed structureby which the knives 30 and 3l are pivotallycarried through a common plane.-

With this construction it is possible for a knife to travel along thesurface of a rotating object in xed relation to the carrier 4 as whenthe surface is-cylindrical or to pivot closerto the spindle 8 or furtheraway from the spindle 8 as required by the distance of the portion ofthe object to .be treated from the spindle il.` `While it is true thatthe movement of the carrier 4 always causes a like travel of the knives,unless the arms pivot, this movement of the knives, in terms of paralleltravel, is less than the movement of the carrier 4 when the armspivotnearer to or further away from the spindle 8. For" that reason, it willbe found convenient to consider the effect of the pivoting.l of the armsas resulting` in a retarded advancement of the' knives rrelative to thecarrier 4, a condition that results from the axis established by thespindle 8.

It is therefore` a'iirst requirement of my invention that each of thecutting members be pivotally carried through a planev substantiallyinclusive of the axis of rotation of the supporting means. Considerationis again directed to the fact that the same principle is involvedwhether the arms are pivoting either towards or away from the spindle 8,as in both instances, it is necessary for a knife to lagbehind thecarrier 4. If, however, an attempt is ymade to treat a surface thatwould require a knife to move both nearer to and further Aaway from thespindle 8, it will be found that` it is impossible to remove the entiresurface layer accurately. `v`This follows because the pivoting of thearm carrying the knife further away from the spindle 8, for example,carries a retarded advancement of the knife relative to the lcarrier 4,and-if Vit is necessary for the knife to move to a point substantiallycloser to the spindle 8 its movement towards that point will require amovement of" the cutting member at a rate faster thanthe movement of thecarrier 4 with the result that portions of the surface would be skippedand"`untreated. This result might be in part obviated by requiringnormally the removal of more than one layer from other parts oftheobject, but in my invention, I prefer that a uniform layer be removed.This rmoval of more than one layer is not regarded desirable,particularly since it is to be 'noted that my invention, as abovedescribed,v will permit effective surface layer removal during minorirregularities in the shape of the object that may require a slightreverse movement of the knife.

For that reason, I prefer to employ a separate cutting member for eachof the major trends that an object to be treated presents, For example,objects isuch asan` apple or potato involve two major trends, that is,the middle portion `being larger thanvthe end portions. A-single knifewould have-two major movementsfone fromcne end to the middle Zone, andthe other from the middle z one to the other end. For that reason and inorder to reduce the distance of travel of the carri`er'4` to a minimum,I provide through the structure above described that `when the carrier 4is in 'one extreme `position one of the cutting members" is in aposition substantially common to the other cutting member when thecarrier 4 is in its otherextreme position, as will be noted fromacomparison of Figs. 1 and 3. This common position is in substantialradial alinernent with the point C ofthe spindle head 9 and in placingthe object P on the spindle 8 it is desirable that the largest portionof the object be placed substantially in radial alinementlwith thecommon point C. Actually, however, the common position of the knivesinvolves suflicient overlap in cutting to ensure the entire removal of asurface layer from the object P.

In Fig. 1 when the knife, 30 is in the com-mon positionthe' knife 3l isadjacent the spindle 8 so that when an object has been placed on thehead f5, rotation of the crank l5 will rotate the object P and move thecarrier towards the left as 4viewedin Fig.A 1. As the rcarrier moves,the roller `42 advances along the cam portion 48a and l the knife 30vcornes in contact with 'rotating surface of the object P'. At the sametime, the knife 3| advances in fixed relation tothe carrier 4 adjacentthe spindle-3 until one end ofthe object P is encountered.' Thus, theknife 30 is advancing'falonglthe object 1E from the largest portionwhenever thelarms are pivoting towards or away of the object towards oneend, while the knife 3l is advancing from the other end towards suchlargest portion, By this construction it will be appreciated that thepressures of the knives 30 and 3l against the object are alwaysfavorably distributed. During this movement, both of the knives 30 and3l may lag behind the movement of the carrier 4 as required by the sizeand shape of the object, it being understood that the carrier 4 has a.movement greater than the arbitrarily selected maximum distance eitherof the knives 30 and 3| may travel.

Referring now to Fig. 7 it will be apparent that the carrier hasadvanced from the position shown in Fig. 1. It will be seen that theknives have advanced along the surface of the object P. In their dottedline position in Fig. '7 it will be seen that removal of the surfacelayer from the object is substantially complete, although the carrier isnot in the other extreme position shown in Fig. 3. As soon as a knifehas completed its cutting it moves either in xed relation to the carrier4 or away from the object P towards an inoperative position asdetermined by the particular object being treated. For example, theknife 30 in its dotted line position in Fig. 7 will be prevented by itsstop 45 fro-m pivoting inwardly beyond the axis of the spindle 8 andthereafter it will move in xed relation to the carrier 4 until the tripi] becomes effective. As soon as the knife 3| reaches the commonposition, the roller 44 on its arm 35 will come in contact with the camportion 49a and further movement will carry the cutting member 3| intothe inoperative position shown in Fig. 3 so that since both knives 30and 3l are in an inoperative position the object P may be removed safelyand easily from the spindle 8 and replaced.

The operation of my device may then be continued, that is, anotherobject may be treated during movement oi the carrier 4 from the positionshown in Fig 3 to the position shown in Fig. 1. However, for convenienceit may now be assumed that no object is on the spindle 8, thus when thecrank is turned, the carrier 4 advances permitting the springs 39 topivot the arms 34 and 35 inwardly. It will be appreciated that the stops45 and 4S limit the inward pivoting of the arms 34 and 35 but attentionis directed to the cam portions 48h and 49h which pivot the arms 34 and35 to maintain the cutting members 0r knives 30 and 3l `out of contactwith the spindle head 9.

During the removal of the surface layers from such objects as the'objectP, it will be appreciated that since the knives are universally mountedon the arms 34 land 35 they are free to adjust themselves into propercutting positions as required by the portion of the object to betreated.

With the disclosure of my invention as above set forth, certain otherfactors should be considered. As above stated, and as will be obvious,the number of knives employed may be one or more in the surfacetreatment of that portion of an object presenting a major trend, i. e.,a portion which is either increasing or decreasing in size.

As far as the general construction of my invention is concerned, anymeans may be employed to elect the desired yrelative movement of theobject andof the cutting means. That is to say, in accordance with myinvention, it is necessary to have relative rotation between the objectand the cutting means and relative linear motion between the object andthe cutting means. Because such a device must be durable, eicient andeconomical to manufacture, the relative motionsbetween the object andthe cutting means may be most readily effected in accordance with thestructure that I have shown and described.

What I therefore claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. Paring apparatus or the like comprising rotatable object supportingmeans, a reciprocable carrier, means for simultaneously rotating saidsupporting means, and advancing said carrier in predetermined relation,a cutting member eiective to remove a surface layer from the object asit rotates, and means connecting said cutting member to said carrier,said connecting means.

including a pivot, said'connecting means supporting said cutting memberfor arcuate movement in a plane substantially inclusive of the axis ofthe rotated objectvto cause a retarded advancement of said cuttingmember relative to said carrier whenever the path of said cutting membervaries in relation to the path of said carrier to permit said cuttingmember to advance along said object at a substantially constant rate,the position of said pivot being at a greater radial distance from theaxis ofsaid supporting means than the radius of the largest object to betreated.

2. Paring apparatus or the like comprising rotatable object supportingmeans, a carrier, means for simultaneously rotating said supportingmeans and advancing said carrier in predetermined relation, a cuttingmember effective to remove a surface layer from the object as itrotates, and means connecting said cutting member to said carrier tocause a retarded advancement of said cutting member relative to saidcarrier whenever the path of said cutting member varies in relation tothe travel of said carrier, said connecting means comprising a springcontrolled arm` pivotally connected to said carrier so that said cuttingmember may travel arcuately in a plane substantially inclusive of theaxis of said supporting means, and a universal joint connecting saidcutting member to said arm so that said cutting member may adjust itselfto the surface of the supported object.

3. Paring apparatus or the like comprising rotatable object supportingmeans, a reciprocable carrier, means for rotating said supporting meansand advancing said carrier in predetermined relation, a cutting member,means connecting said cutting member to said carrier to cause a retardedadvancement of said cutting member relative to said carrier, saidconnecting means comprising an arm pivotally mounted on said carrier tosupport said cutting member in a plane substantially inclusive of theaxis of rotation of said supporting means, the position of the pivotingof said arm being at a greater radial distance from the axis of saidsupporting means than the radius of the largest object to be pared, andresilient means in control of said arm urging said cutting membertowards said axis.

4. Paring apparatus or the like comprising rotatable object supportingmeans, a reciprocable carrier, means for rotating said supporting meansand reciprocating said carrier in predetermined relation, a cuttingmember, means connecting said cutting member to said carrier to cause aretarded advancement of said cutting member relative to saidcarrier,said connecting means comprising a cutting member supporting armpivotally mounted on said carrier for movement in a plane substantiallyinclusive of the axis of rotation of said object supporting means, thepoint of pivoting of said arm beingat a greater means thanfth'e radiusofthe largest object to be pared, and resilient'means in controll ofsaid arm urging said cutting member' towards said axis,

and means to limitthe inward mQVement `of said i arm to` prevent itscontact with said supporting means. s'

5,. Paring apparatus or the like comprising rotatable object supportingmeans including` a spindle havinga neadja reciprocable carriermu meansfor rotating ,said'supporting means and" reciprocating said carrier inpredetermined relation, a cutting member, means connectingsaid cuttingmember to saidcarrier to' cause `a` retarded advancement of said cuttingmember relaA L, 5H

tive to said carrier, said connecting means com prising an armpivotally'rnounted onsaid carrier to support said cutting member ina'plane substantially inclusive of theaxis of rotation of saidsupporting means, resilientmeans in control ofrzu said arm urging saidcutting` member towards'd said axis, and means to fcontrol the movementof said arm when under'the influenceof said resile ient means t0 carrysaid'cutting member in desired relation to `the axis,4 of saidsupporting" means and away fromj said spindle to avoid said-4f' head assaid carrier is moved irom one extreme position to the other extremeposition.

6. Apparatus for removing a surface layer from an object, said apparatuscomprising object sup-N `porting means constituting an axis, cuttingsmeans, supporting means for said `cutting means, means to rotate one ofsaid supporting means about said axis and to eiect advancement of theother of said supporting means relativetheretow in predeterminedrelation tothe rotation of said-A rotated supporting means, said cuttingmeans including a pivotal connection with said second named supportingmeans at a greater radial distance'from said axis Vthanthe radius of thelarg,1 A() est object to be pared, and said, cutting mean being eiectiveas 'the distanceof the portion of the object being treated variesinrelation to Vsaid axis to cause the relative advancement of saidcutting means and said object to remain substan-I i5 Vtially constant,the `plane of movement of said cutting means` being substantiallyinclusiveof saidaxis. i ,s

'7. Paring apparatus comprising rotatable object'supporting means havingaA predetermined 50 portion` selected to establish alradial zone to in`clude the largestportion of the object, a reciprocable carrier, means tovreciprocate said carrier and to rotate said supporting means inpredetermined relation, a pair'of cutting members, an l55 arm for eachof` said cutting members pivotally mounted on said carrierto support"its cutting member in `a plane substantially inclusive of the axis ofrotation of said supporting means, resilient means in control or eacharmto urge said arms towards each other and towards said axis-- the lengthof said armsA and the distances of travel of said carrier beingdetermined by the maximum size of objects to be treated 4and therelation of the maximum and minimum distances of the surfaces to `betreated with said axis and being inter-related so that atextremepositions of said carrier, said cutting members are alternatelyVcarried through said radial zone when said arms are pivoted against theaction of said resil-` ient means into an inoperative position, andmeans to carry each of said cutting members into an inoperative positionwhenever it'reaches said common zone, the other of said cutting memberslbeing carried by said resilient meansftowards said v axis and away fromsaid object as said carrier approaches an extreme position.

8. Paring apparatus comprising rotatable object supporting means `havinga predetermined portion selected toestablish a radial zone.` to includethe largest portion of the object, a reciprocable carrier, means toreciprocate said carrier and to rotate said supporting means inpredeterminedrelation, apair ofcutting members, an arm for each of saidcutting members pivotally e mounted on said carrier to support .itscutting member in a plane substantially inclusive of the axis ofrotation of` said supporting means, resilient means invcontrol of eacharm to urge said arms towards each other and towards said axis, thelength of said arms and the distances of travel of said carrierrbeingdetermined by the maximum sizeof objects to be treatedand the relationof the maximum and minimum distances of the surfaces to be treated withsaid axis and being inter-related so that at extreme positions of saidcarrier, saidcutting members are alternately carried through said radialzone when said arms are pivoted against the action of said resilientmeans into an inoperative position, means to carry each of said cuttingmembers into an inoperative position whenever it reaches said commonzone the otherof said cutting members being carried by said resilientmeans towards said axis and away from said objectwhen said carrier is inone extreme position,` and means in `control of one lof said armswhensaid carrier is in the other extreme position to carryit fromadjacent said axis to an inoperative position.

9. Paring apparatus comprising rotatable object supporting means,`reciprocable carrier means, means to reciprocate said carrier means andto rotate said supporting means in predeter-V mined relation, a `pairofcutting members, and means connecting said cutting members to saidcarrier to cause a retarded advancement of Vsaid cutting membersrelative to said carrier on changesinshape of a supported object, saidconnecting means comprising an arm for each of said cuttingmemberspivotally mounted on said carrier means to support its cutting member ina plane substantially inclusive of the axis of rotation of saidsupporting means, and resilient means in control of each arm to urgesaid'arms toward each other and towards said axis, and means to controlsaid arms so that when said `carrier means are in either extremeposition one of said cutting members is in an inoperative positionrelatively remote from said objectiand said axis, and the other of saidcutting members is in an inoperative position. y i

10. Paring apparatus comprising rotatable object supporting means havinga predetermined portion selected to establish a radial zone to includethe largest portion of a supported object, reciprocable carrier means,means to reciprocate said carrier means and to rotate said supportingmeans in predetermined relation, a pair of cutting members, and meansconnecting said cutting members to said carrier means to permit aretarded advancement of said cutting membersV relative to said carrieron changes in shape of a supported object, said connecting meanscomprising an arm for each of said cutting members pivotally mounted onsaid carrier means to support its cutting member in a planesubstantially inclusive of the axis of rotation of saidsupporting means,and resilient means in control of each arm to urge said arms towardseachother and towards said axis, and vmeans to control'said arms so thatwhen said carrier means are in either extreme position one of saidcutting members is inan inoperative position relatively remote from saidobject and said axis and insaid radial Zone,

and the other of said cutting members is in an y inoperative position.

11. Paring apparatus comprising rotatable object supporting meanscomprising a spindle including an object piercing head having apredetermined portion selected to establish a radial zone toV includethe largest portion of a supported object, reciprocable carrier means,means to reciprocate said carrier means and to rotate said supportingmeans in predetermined relation, a pair of cutting members, and meansconnecting said cutting members to said carrier means to permit aretarded advancement of said cutting members relative to said carrier onchanges in shape of a supported object, said connecting means comprisingan arm for each of saidcutting members pivotally mounted on said carriermeans to support its cutting member in a plane substantially inclusiveof the axis of rotation of said supporting means, and resilient means incontrol of each arm to urge said arms towards veach other and towardssaid axis, and means to control said arms so that when said carriermeans are in either extreme position one of said cutting members is inan inoperative posiv tion relatively remote from said object and saidaxis and in said radial zone and when said carrier means are in oneextreme position the other of said cutting members is an an inoperativeposition relatively remote from said object but adjacent said spindle,and when said carrier means are in the other extreme position, the otherof said cutting members is in an inoperative position relatively remotefrom said object and said axis to facilitate access to said supportingmeans.

l2. Paring apparatus comprising rotatable object supporting meanscomprising a spindle including an object piercing head having apredetermined portion selected to establish a radial zone to, includeythe largest portion of a supported object, reciprocable carrier means,means to reciprocate said carrier means and to rotate saidV supportingmeans in predetermined relation, a pair of cutting members, and meansconnecting said cutting members to said carrier means to cause aretarded advancement of said `cutting members relative to said carrieron changes in shape of a supported object, said connecting meanscomprising an arm for each of said cutting members pivotally mounted onsaid carrier, means to support its cutting member in a planesubstantially inclusive of the axis of rotation of said supportingmeans, and resilient means in control of each arm to urge said armstowards each other and towards said axis, and means to control said armsso that when said carrier means are in either extreme position one ofAsaid cutting members is in an inoperative position relatively remotefrom said object and said axis and when said carrier means are in oneextreme position the other of said cutting membersis in an inoperativeposition relatively remote from said object but adjacent said spindle,and when said carrier means are in the other extreme position, the otherof said cutting membersis in an inoperative position relatively remotefrom said object Aand said axis to facilitate access tosaid supportingmeans, and manually operable means to dislodge an object y from'saidspindle.

v13. 'Parin'g' apparatus cmprsingrotatable ob- "7 5 ject supportingmeans having a predetermined portion selected to establish a radial zoneto include the largest portion of a supported object, reciprocablecarrier means, means to reciprocate said carrier means and to rotatesaid supporting means in predetermined relation, a pair of cuttingmembers, and means connecting said cutting members to said carrier meansto cause a retarded advancement of said cutting members relative to saidcarrier on changes in shape of a supported object, said connecting meanscomprising an arm for each of said cutting members pivotally mounted onsaid carrier means to support its cutting member in a planesubstantially inclusive of the axis of rotation of said supportingmeans, and resilient means in control of each arm to urge said armstowards each other and towards said axis, means to limit the inwardpivoting of said arms by said resilient means to maintain said cuttingmembers in desired relation to said axis and out of contact with saidsupporting means, and means to control said arms so that when saidcarrier means are in either extreme position one of said cutting membersis in an inoperative position relatively remote from said object andsaid axis and in said radial Zone and the other of said cutting membersis in an inoperative position relatively remote from said object butadjacent said axis.

14. Paring apparatus comprising rotatable object supporting meanscomprising a spindle having an object piercing head, having apredetermined portion selected to establish a radial zone to include thelargest portion of a supported object, reciprocable carrier means, meansto reciprocate said carrier means and to rotate said supporting means inpredetermined relation, a pair of cutting members, and means connectingsaid cutting members to said carrier means to permit a retardedadvancement of saidcutting members relative to said carrier on changesin shape of a supported object, said connecting means comprising an armfor each of said cutting members pivotally mounted on said carrier meansto support its Ycutting member in a plane substantially inclusive of theaxis of rotation of said supporting means, and resilient means incontrol of each arm to urge said arms towards each other and towardssaid axis, means to limit the inward pivoting of said arms by saidresilient means to maintain said cuttingmembers in desired relation tosaid axis and out of contact with said spindle and said head, and meansto control said arms so that when said carrier means are in eitherextreme position Vone 'of said cutting members is in an inoperativeposition relatively remote from said object and said axis and in saidradial zone, and the other of said cutting members is in an inoperativeposition relatively remote from said object but adjacent said axis.

15. Apparatus for removing a surface layer from an object, saidapparatus comprising a frame, rotatable object supporting meanssupported Vby said frame and including a gear,`cut ting means, acarrierfor said cutting means slidably supported by said frame, an armpivotally connected Ato vsaid carrier, -an elongated driven gear rigidlymounted -on said arm, driving means including a gear in mesh with eachof said driven gears to rotate "said supporting means and to reciprocatesaid'carrier in predetermined relation, means to maintain said lastnamed gear in mesh with its driving lgear to carry said driven geararound its driving gear, ,said last named means including a pairof`v`e'rtic`ally spaced guides,a pair l of longitudinally spacedsemi-circular guides, a member on said -arm,'and a member onsaidelongated gear, said members being engageable with frame and having apredetermined portion selected to establish `a radialnzone to includethe largest portion of a supported object, reciprocable Acarrierv meansslidably mounted ini` said frame; meansto reciprocate saidcarrier meansand to rotate said supporting meansin predetermined relation, a pair ofcutting members, and means connecting said cutting members to said`carrier means to cause a retarded advancement of said", i cuttingmembersrelative to said carrier, said .i connecting'means comprising anarm for each of said cutting members pivotally mounted on said kcarrierrmeans to support its cutting memberin a plane substantially inclusiveoffthe'axisof ro-q, `tation of" said supporting' means, .and resilientmeans in control of each armtourge said arms Vtowards eachfother and.towardssaid axis, and

means to control said arms soithat When said carrier` means are ineither extreme position one;4-L

`of said cutting members is in` an inoperative position relativelyremote from said object and said l axis and in said -radial zone andthe1 other of said cutting vmembers is in an inoperative position,saidcontrolling means vcomprising a member on eachfarm', and a cam foreachofsaid members,

one of" said cams-being disposed on said frame to be engaged by' one ofsaid arm members when said carrier means-are inone extreme position Aand 'the otherof said cams being disposed on'`v Said frame to be engagedbyithe other of said `arm members when said carrier means are'in the lother extreme position." "f i 17. Paring apparatus comprising a frame,ro-

AIVtatable objectsupporting means carriedby said 'zframe-, saidsupporting means comprising a spindle having a head `having a4predetermined portion lselected to establish a radial zone toinclude-the` largest portion `of a supported object, reciprocablecarrier means slidably mounted in ysaid frame, means to reciprocate saidcarrier means and to rotate said supporting means in predeterminedrelation, a pair of cutting members, and means connecting said cuttingmembers to said carrier means to cause a retarded advancement of saidcutting members relative to said carrier, said connecting meanscomprising an arm for each of said `cutting members pivotally mounted onsaid carrier means to support its cutting member in a planesubstantially inclusive of the axis of rotation of said supportingmeans, and resilient means in control ofeach arm to urge said armstowards each other and towards said axis, and means to control said armsso that when said carrier means are in either extreme i position one ofsaid cutting members is in an inoperative position relatively remotefrom said object and said axis and in said radial zone and the other ofsaid cutting members is in an inoperative position, said controllingmeans comprising a member on each arm, and a cam for each of said armmembers, said cams being disposed on said frame to be engaged by saidarm members when either of said cutting members approaches said head andbeing adapted to be fully effective when the carrier means are in eitherextreme position. i

18. Paring apparatus Vcomprising rotatable object supporting meanshaving a predetermined tarded advancement of said cutting members re1-Aative to said carrier on changes inshape of a supported object, saidconnecting means` comprising an arm foreach of said cutting memberspivotally mounted on said carrier, means to support its cutting memberin aY plane substantially inclusive of the axis of rotation of saidsupporting means, each of said cutting members being Ymounted on its armfor limited universal movement, and resilient means in control of eacharm to urge said varms towards each other and towards `said axis, andmeans i to control said armsso that when said carrier is in either ex--treme position `one of said cutting members isin an inoperativeposition relatively remote from said object and said axis and insaidradial zone and the other of said cutting members is Vin aninoperative position. Y. 19. Paring apparatus comprising rotatable`object supporting means having a predetermined `portion selected toestablish a radial zoneito include the largest portion of a supportedobject, reciprocable/carrier means: to reciprocatev said carrier meansand to rotate said Asupporting means in predetermined relation, a pairof cutting members, andA means connecting said cutting members tosaidcarrier, means to cause la retarded advancement of saidl cuttingmembers relative to said carrier, said connecting means comprising anarm for each of said cutting members pivotally mounted on said carriermeans to support its cutting member in a plane substantiallyinclusive'of the axis of rotation of said supporting means, each of saidcutting members being mounted on its arm for limited universal movementand guide means for eachoflsaid cutting membersto adjust said cuttingmember into proper cutting position, said guide means Y being effectiveon changes in shape of the object on movement of said carrier means andon rotation of said object, and resilient means in control of each armto urge said arms towards each other and towards said axis, and means tocontrol said arms so that when said carrier is in either extremeposition one of said cutting members is in an inoperative positionrelatively remote from said object and said axis and in said radial zoneand the other of said cutting members is in an inoperative position.

20. Paring apparatus comprising a rotatable object supporting meanshaving a predetermined portion selected to establish a radial zone toinclude the largest portion of a supported object, cutting means,supporting means for said cutting means, means to rotate said objectsupporting means and to reciprocate one of said supporting means toeffect relative movement between said cutting means and a rotatingsupported object, said cuttingmeans comprising a pair of cuttingmembers, an arm for each of said cutting members, each of said armsbeing pivotally connected to the second-named supporting means so thatas the reciprocated supporting means approaches either end of its travelone of said cutting members occupies said radial zone and the other ofsaid cutting means is adjacent the' axis of said rotatable objectsupporting means, and means to position inoperatively each of saidcutting members remote from the object when it occupies said radial zoneand when said reciprocated supporting means is at either extremeposition.

21. Paring apparatus comprising a rotatable object supporting meanshaving a predetermined portion selected to establish a radial zone toinclude the largest portion of a supported object, cutting means,supporting means for said cutting means, means to rotate said objectsupporting means and to reciprocate one of said supporting means toeffect relative movement between said cutting means and a rotatingsupported object, said cutting means comprising a pair of cuttingmembers, an arm for each of said cutting members, each of said armsbeing pivotally connected to the second-named supporting means so thatas the reciprocated supporting means approaches either end of its travelone of said cutting members occupies said radial zone and the other ofsaid cutting means is adjacent the axis of said rotatable objectsupporting means, means to position inoperatively each of said cuttingmembers remote from the object when it occupies said radial zone andwhen said reciprocated supporting means is at either extreme position,and means to position inoperatively the other of said cutting meansremote from said axis when said reciprocated supporting means is in oneextreme position.

22. An apparatus for removing a surface layer from an object, an arm, aknife having a bowed cutting edge comprising a central part and curvedend parts, means including a pivot to connect said knife to said arm,the central part of said knife being at a lesser distance from saidpivot than the end parts so that said knife while effective toy removeparings when either one of the end parts is in contact with the objecttends to return to a normal balanced position in which said central partonly is in contact with the object.

23. An apparatus for removing a surface layer from an object, an arm, aknife having a bowed cutting edge, means .including a pivot to connectsaid knife to said arm, the central part of said knife being at a lesserdistance from said pivot than the end parts so that said knife whileeffective to remove parings when either one of the end parts is inContact with the object tends to return to a normal balanced position inwhich said central part only is in contact with the object.

24. Paring apparatus or the like comprising rotatable object supportingmeans, a reciprocable carrier, means for simultaneously rotating saidsupporting means and reciprocating said carrier in predeterminedrelation, a cutting member effective to remove a surface layer from theobject as it rotates, spring controlled means pivotally connecting saidcutting member to said carrier to cause arcuate travel of said cuttingmember in a plane substantially inclusive of the axis of said rotatedobject, and means actuated on a predetermined movement of said carrierin at least one direction to pivot said connecting means to carry saidcutting member into an inoperative position.

25. Paring apparatus or the like comprising rotatable object supportingmeans, a carrier, means for simultaneously rotating said supportingmeans and effecting relative reciprocating movement between 'saidcarrier and said supporting means, cutting members, spring controlledmeans pivotally connecting each of said cutting members to said carrierto cause arcuate travel of said cutting member in a vplane substantiallyinclusive of the axis of said rotated object, said cutting members beingspaced from each other to contact different portions of said object, andmeans actuated on a predetermined movement of said carrier to pivot saidconnecting means to carry one of said cutting members into aninoperative position When said cutting member reaches the portion ofsaid object treated by another of said cutting members.

CORNELIUS VERNON MCCAULEY.

